| to reduce or cut short | abridge |
| the first ten amendments to the Constitution, based strongly on the personal freedoms of the citizen | bill of rights |
| a medium of exchange for purchases | currency |
| equipped with a talent or a quality | endowed |
| harassed or annoyed | persecuted |
| request | petition |
| to set right; correct a wrong that was committed | redress |
| calmness; peacefulness (note: the early American spelling has two “l”s) | tranquility |
| cannot be lost or transferred away | unalienable |
| _____ is a political scientist and author of Two Treatises on Civil Government who believed that government could exist without the consent of the governed and that the primary purpose of the state was to protect the rights of the citizen. | Locke |
| When the nation’s leaders met in 1787, which problems needed to be addressed? | – tax collection- law enforcement- trade between states |
| _____ is the political scientist and author of Democracy in America. He believed that the delegation of government to the states was one of the strong points of the American system. | de Tocqueville |
| Which of the following are guaranteed by the First Amendment? | – freedom of the press- freedom of speech- freedom of religion- the right of the people to peaceably assemble- the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances |
| The first ten amendments to the Constitution are called the _____. | Bill of Rights |
| The U.S. Constitution addresses which of the following issues? | – presidential elections- extradition of a criminal back to a state for trial- making laws |
| At the end of the Constitutional Convention, the Constitution was signed by _____. | thirty-nine delegates |
| How many amendments have been made to the Constitution since its ratification?23 | 27 |
| to receive and make one’s own | adoption |
| earnings; wage | compensation |
| citizen of a district that elects representatives to government | constituents |
| authorized or assigned; allowed | delegated |
| list; a number of | enumeration |
| exemptions; protections | immunities |
| disobeyed or violated | infringed |
| housed; supplied with home-like arrangements | quartered |
| authorized; put into legislation | ratified |
| law that gives authority to law enforcement to seize designated items for evidence of a crime | search and seizure |
| official judicial writing that authorizes a search | warrant |
| The assembly called for a “Bill of Rights” that would list U.S. citizens’ _____. | immunities and freedoms |
| The actual number of amendments that the leaders first proposed was ______, but two were not ratified at the time. | twelve |
| _____ was a Virginia delegate and one of the most powerful influences on the writing of the Bill of Rights. | Mason |
| The Second Amendment gives the citizen the right to _____. | keep and bear arms |
| The Second Amendment states,”the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” Infringed means _____. | violated |
| What applies to the fourth amendment? | – The people should not be subjected to unreasonable search and seizures.- Warrants are only issued upon probable cause. |
| Amendment Six assures the accused the _____. | right to a speedy trial |
| Amendment Nine talks about the enumeration of rights, and enumeration means a ________. | list |
| The Tenth Amendment gives the rights not expressly delegated to the federal government to the _____. | states |
| group of electors chosen to make the decision of electing the president and vice president of the U.S. | electoral college |
| the extent of authority; the range of control | jurisdiction |
| official and legal authorization for a specific ownership or practice | licensing |
| creation and maintenance of state fire and police departments, hospitals and other citizen needs | public safety |
| the creation and maintenance of state roads, dams, buildings and other similar projects | public works |
| the state testing of potential attorneys in order to see if they qualify for active legal practice | state bar exam |
| formal agreement between two or more governments | treaty |
| government financial aid to assist people in need | welfare |
| Which of the following geographic regions is the wealthiest? | Northeast |
| Which of the following geographic regions is the most politically diverse? | west |
| Which of the following compromises did the Federalists and Anti-Federalists make? | separation of powers clause |
| Which of the following amendments grants power to the states? | tenth amendment |
| According to the Constitution, which of the following powers are reserved for the states? | powers not delegated and not prohibited by the Constitution |
| Lawyers must pass a ______. | state bar exam |
| The power of making laws and enforcing them is called _____. | jurisdiction |
| Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada must honor the Native American reservation treaties drawn up by the ________ government for the Native American Nations. | federal |
| The creation and maintenance of a state reservoir falls under the jurisdiction of _______. | public works |
| State licensing is usually required for what reasons? | marriages, dental practices, auto registration, real estate brokers, lawyers. |
| Which constitutional amendment gives the states freedoms and control? . | tenth amendment |
| an economic system in which private citizens invest capital into the economy to make a profit | capitalism |
| someone who purchases goods and services for private use | consumer |
| a complete halt on trade between two nations | embargo |
| money spent on goods, services, or programs | expenditures |
| the Federal Reserve; the central bank of the U.S. responsible for regulating the financial system | the Fed |
| a financial situation that occurs when prices rise and the value of money falls | inflation |
| the amounts of money a lender charges borrowers for use of assets | interest rates |
| the practice of transferring government ownership of businesses or properties to the private corporations or individuals | privatization |
| money earned | revenue |
| specific penalties placed on a foreign nation by the U.S. government | sanctions |
| an economic theory in which the supply of and demand for a product determine the product’s price | supply and demand |
| Which of the following is the guiding economic philosophy of the free enterprise system? | capitalism |
| Which of the following roles does the government play in a free enterprise system? | – protect the consumer- encourage private investment |
| Which tool would the government most likely employ during a period of inflation to stabilize the economy? | lower cash rates |
| Which of the following are investments the government might make in the economy? | – building a highway- funding a pre-K program- creating a new technological device |
| Which of the following has the potential to cause inflation? | lowering interest rates |
| Which of the following is a source of revenue for the federal government? | income taxes |
| In which economic system does the government have complete control over manufacturing and production? | planned economy |
| Which tool might be used to limit imports from Cuba but maintain exports to Cuba? | sanctions |
| Which of the following might the government invest in to promote infrastructure growth? | physical capital |
| the development, building, and management of a business, with all of its risks in order to make a profit | entrepreneurship |
| the creation of a new idea, method, or product that the consumer will use | innnovation |
| inventions of the mind that are intangible, such as a piece of writing or architectural design | intellectual property |
| government-issued right to an invention that makes it illegal for anyone else to copy it | patent |
| a term for businesses’ and governments’ research and development divisions, which specialize in researching and developing new ideas | R&D |
| an individual or organization that supplies capital for a business endeavor | venture capitalist |
| Which of the following is a key benefit of the government’s investing in innovation? | long-term financial commitment |
| Which of the following products has the government helped to innovate? | – personal computer- internet- GPS |
| Which type of research would be used if a scientist wanted to know how sugar impacted the growth of cancer cells? | basic |
| Which of the following are the benefits of innovation in society? | – economic growth- public interest- better problem-solving |
| Which of the following policies can the government use to encourage entrepreneurship? | issuing tax credits |
| Which of the following would NOT be protected under patent laws? | a corporate logo |
| Which of the following is a primary benefit of entrepreneurial competition? | faster innovation |
| Which of the following is part of the R&D process? | developing a hypothesis |
| Which of the following is a key factor in the government’s ability to financially invest in science and technology? | taxation |
| describes a performance mainly in pomp and style rather than in accomplishment | ceremonial |
| a series of measures that keep a system from becoming too powerful or too weak | checks and balances |
| U.S. president; carries responsibility of ceremonial duties, foreign affairs and armed forces | chief executive |
| another name for the chief executive; the president of the United States | chief of state |
| the communication and ongoing relationship between America and other nations of the world | diplomatic relations |
| one of the three branches of the U.S. government; mainly enforces federal laws | executive branch |
| fifteen divisions of responsibility that handle the duty of administering the national government | executive department |
| parts of the executive branch that act apart from an interactive network | independent agencies |
| to explain the meaning of; to clarify the definition of | interpret |
| one of the three branches of the U.S. government; interprets federal laws, upholds, or negates them | judicial |
| one of the three branches of the U.S. government; establishes or retracts laws | legislative |
| The executive branch is responsible for which of the following? | – national security and defense- enforcing all laws made by the legislative branch- functioning like a CEO of the government- appointing secretaries to oversee several departments of government |
| T or F The “Beltway mentality” is a desired goal of every presidential administration. | false |
| To ______ means to explain the meaning of, or to clarify the definition of. | interpret |
| The three branches of our government are _____. | executive, judicial, legislative |
| The president is responsible for the communication and ongoing relationship between America and other nations of the world. This is known as _____. | diplomatic relations |
| The president may serve a maximum of ____terms in office. | two |
| According to your understanding of the lesson, the president is responsible for which of the following? Select all that apply. | – acting as commander in chief of the armed forces- acting as the executive for departments overseeing the United States Postal Service, the CIA and the Social Security Administration- acting as executive of the office in charge of setting scientific research standards |
| Which of the following are offices under the jurisdiction of the executive office? | – National Security Council- Office of Policy Development- Office of Management and Budget- Council of Economic Advisors- White House Office |
| If you were vice president, your job would include _____. | – taking over if the president became incapacitated- implementing the president’s policies- serving at the pleasure of the president- advancing the policy goals of the executive branch |
| Which of the following powers does the president have? | veto, appointments, deploy military |
| What happens if no candidate receives at least 270 votes from the Electoral College? | The House of Representatives elects the President and the Senate elects the Vice President. |
| improved; changed; made into a better quality. | amended |
| The divisions of the Constitution addressing certain policies and laws set forth for the country. | Article |
| Any one of the 12 courts of appeal in the various federal districts throughout the United States. | circuit courts |
| Whether the law or act is within the guidelines of the United States Constitution. | constitutionality |
| Charging an official with a misdeed. | impeachment |
| Courts making decisions as to whether laws passed stay within the guidelines of the U.S. Constitution. | judicial review |
| A group of citizens appointed to hear and decide upon a case presented in a court of law. | jury |
| Choose; appoint. | nominate |
| Negate; destroy. | nullify |
| Reverse; change to the opposite position. | overturn |
| The act of the courts interpreting the meaning of laws and administrative rules and regulations. | statutory construction |
| The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and is part of this branch of government: | judiciary |
| Justices for the Supreme Court are: | nominated by the president |
| The judicial system of courts derives its powers from _______ of the Constitution. | Article III |
| What are three statements that are true about the judicial branch? | – The judiciary system is established by the Constitution.- Nine justices serve in the Supreme Court.- There are 12 courts of appeal in the judiciary system. |
| The four parts of the judicial system include the: | – Supreme Court- district courts- Circuit Courts- Court of Veterans’ Appeals |
| to recommend or suggest | advise |
| a representative of a government; a diplomat who resides in the country where the ambassador is in communication | ambassador |
| to evaluate and set the amount of a tax | assess |
| to agree or accept | consent |
| political competitors | contenders |
| in American politics, situation in which one party controls the House and the other party controls the Senate | divided government |
| presiding officer of the Senate whenever the vice president is not present | president pro tempore |
| ruling; overseeing | presiding |
| recall; cancel | repeal |
| Which of the following are congressional powers? | – coining money- overriding a presidential veto- making laws |
| A ______ is when one party controls the House and another party controls the Senate. | divided government |
| Who is the presiding officer of the Senate whenever the vice president is not present? | president pro tempore |
| The House and Senate have different responsibilities. Which of the following would the House be responsible for? | – initiate the impeachment process- levy taxes and determining how interstate shipping is regulated |
| A diplomat who resides in the country where the diplomat is in communication is a(n) _____. | ambassador |
| This article of the Constitution gives the legislature its powers _____. | Article 1 |
| The Senate has ______ senators. The House has _______ representatives. | 100, 435 |
| Members of the House of Representatives are elected by the different states on the basis of their population in the ______. | most recent US census |
| The _____ branch of government can create, alter, or repeal laws. | legislative |
| What are the four agencies that are maintained by the legislative branch of the government? | – General Accounting Office- Printing Office- Library of Congress- Congressional Budget Office |
| Which of the following allowed citizens to elect senators to Congress? | 17th |
| discussing, conversing, and even arguing over the points of a matter | debating |
| a brief, “first-step” presentation of a work to be completed | draft |
| a time when the good and bad aspects of a bill are discussed; includes written and verbal statements | hearings |
| legislation that is under the voting process in the House of Representatives | House Bill |
| a bill that becomes a law | legislation |
| when a subcommittee makes changes and add amendments before they recommend a bill to proceed | mark up |
| when a subcommittee reads its recommendation to the rest of their house of Congress | ordering a bill reported |
| a member of Congress who is willing to introduce and back the legislation | sponsor |
| t or f Either the House or Senate can introduce a bill. | true |
| If you wanted to see a law making it mandatory for all 10th grade students to receive a computer from the government for educational purposes, ____. | you could draft a piece of legislation then meet with the Representative or her staff and convince them to submit the legislation |
| If a committee does not act on a bill, it’s the same as if they would have ______. | voted it down |
| T or F H.R. signifies a House bill and S signifies a Senate bill. | True |
| Which of the following situations must all bills go through? | – a piece of legislation is approved of and become a House Resolution (HR) or Senate bill (S)- the bill is reviewed by a committee made up of both Democrats and Republicans and “marked up” or amended to reflect the desires of the committee- a bill can be “killed” by a sub-committee- a bill travels a long road through subcommittees and hearings before it is even introduced on the House floor |
| A brief, “first-step” presentation of a work to be completed is called a _____. | draft |
| A Senator and House Representative do NOT _____. | debate each other regarding bills that have made it to the floor |
| It’s a bad sign for your bill if ________. | the subcommittee lets it sit |
| Legislation that is under the voting process in the House of Representatives is called a(n)_____. | house bill |
| Put the steps that an idea goes through before becoming a law in the correct order. | 1. drafted into a bill2. introduced to the desk of HR or S3. assigned bill number4. referred to a committee5. hearing is held6. committee recommends ordering a bill report7. bill placed on HR or S calendar8. Bill passed one house and is moved to the other house of Congress |
| change or amendment to the bill | alteration |
| a legislative meeting hall | chamber |
| to reach an agreement | concurrence |
| a meeting for discussion | conference |
| group which was formed to reach an agreement on how the final version of a bill would be presented | conference committee |
| Activity concerning a bill which may include debates and compromises. | floor action |
| one of the two chambers in government, either the Senate or the House of Representatives | Congress |
| the time when Congress is active and members are present, fulfilling their respective duties | in session |
| a voting process by the members who are present; no absentee voting allowed | roll call vote |
| a bill that will not be in progress or in any action but will be inactive for a particular time period | sit |
| a form or variation of the original | version |
| For a bill to pass both chambers (the House or Representatives and the Senate are called chambers), which of the following must occur? | – it is subject to committee changes, debate and compromise- it often sustains changes in language and amendments in both houses- a bill passed in one chamber that is changed in committee in the second chamber, must both approve the conference report for any changes made to the original bill passed |
| After a bill is sponsored by a senator and passed a subcommittee’s test, what are the next steps? Select | – get approved by the committee – pass the Senate vote, and move to the other chamber |
| How is the President involved in the process of bills becoming laws? | – by drafting legislation and getting a Representative to submit it, just like you can- by letting it sit on his/her desk for ten days and doing nothing- by vetoing legislation that s/he may have drafted |
| Once a bill passes the House of Representatives _____. | it goes through the same big process in the Senate |
| In any minor change by one house of Congress, the next usual step is for the legislation to go back to the first house for _____. | concurrence |
| Whenever one house of Congress significantly alters a bill _____. | a conference committee is formed to reconcile the different versions of the bill |
Odyssey American Government CH 3 Review
April 21, 2020