| assonance | -the repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together-differs from exact rhyme in that it does not repeat the same consonant sound following the vowel.-ex:”Double, double, toil and trouble;Fire burn and caldron bubble.” |
| first apparition | an armed head (head with a helmet on it) an armed head-“Beware Macduff!”, warning-fulfillment=Macduff kills Macbeth |
| Macbeth’s reaction to first apparition | Fears Macduff |
| second apparition | -a bloody child-no one born of women will harm Macbeth-he thinks no person will harm him, but they just said beware of Macduff-creates overconfidence (mortal’s worst enemy)-fulfilled=Macduff was untimely ripped by his mother’s womb-c-section |
| Macbeth’s reaction to 2nd apparition | confident |
| third apparition | a child with a crown on its head and a tree branch in its hand-Macbeth will never be defeated until Birnam Wood (name of forest at bottom of hill and Macbeth’s castle on top of hill) comes up the hill to the castle-creates more overconfidence because a forest can’t go up a hill-fulfilled=Malcolm telling soldiers to cut tree branch as they march up Dunsinane hill, looks like it is happening |
| Macbeth’s reaction to 3rd apparition | confident, unlikely this could happen |
| not apparition-but thing witches show him | long line of kings with Banquo and king at end holding a mirror -reflection of mirror has all kings in the future, images keep coming up with more and more kings-shows that Banquo will be father of many kings-represents his sons-fulfillment of witches prophecy -fulfilled=prophecy that Banquo will father kings even though he won’t be one |
| The mirror represents what? | the descendants of Banquo who will be future kings, according to the witches’ prediction |
| Response to Macbeth’s asking about Banquo’s descendants | eight kings and Banquo, last king with a mirror in his hand |
| Macbeth trusts the witches”Infected by the air whereon they ride/And damned all those that trust them!” | irony-because he curses himself because he believes what the witches say even though he says anyone who trusts them will go to hell-when he hears Macduff has gone to England he decides to kill his family |
| Where is Macduff and why is he there? | He has fled to England to gather forces to overthrow Macbeth. |
| lady Macduff calls Macduff a traitor | -for leaving his wife and children defenseless -she says the honest men will hang him, he says well they’re fools-murderer comes in and kills his wife, children, and servants |
| Lady Macduff tells her son traitors are… | liars and swearers |
| Macduff’s wife, children, and servants are all… | murdered. |
| Personification/metaphor for Scotland | -“i think our country sinks beneath the yoke” -“It weeps it bleeds, with each new day a gash, is added to her wounds”-Scotland is like a woman who’s been repeatedly stabbed and everyday has new wounds |
| convo between Macduff and Malcolm | -he says he’s worse than Macbeth because he would take all the women-Macduff responds with saying that they have plenty of woman who would accomodate you-Malcolm would take all their lands, homes, and wealth-Macduff says greed is worse than lust but they have enough to supply all the wealth you would want, yes this is bad but still not as bad as Macbeth-Malcolm says he’ll take all of your wealth and supplies–Macduff says that’s still not so bad and we have plenty-Malcolm says he’s ruin the peace of Scotland, he’d turn everything into an uproar -Macduff says not only should you not be able to rule, but you shouldn’t be allowed to live because you just said that -Malcolm says he was just pretending all of that, none of it is true, in fact, he’s had all these men come to overthrow macbeth-he’s 100% for Scotland, he isn’t lustful or full of Avarice or destroy the peace of Scotland-he was testing to see is Macduff is loyal because if Malcolm had gone along with it all he would have known he wasn’t -Doctor says King can’t be helped with medicine-condition too severe-he’s a foil to Macbeth because he does everything he should |
| Malcolm tests Macduff’s loyalty to Scotland by saying that Malcolm would be a worse king than Macbeth. Why? | Malcolm says he would abuse the women and take all of the land. Also, he would turn peace into an uproar. |
| What does Malcolm tell Macduff when he is sure of his loyalty? | An army is ready to attack Macbeth. |
| “no, they were all well at peace when I did leave them.” | dramatic rony |
| “Let not your ears despise my tongue forever,” | Example of synecdoche, Ross’s words before telling Macduff his wife, children, and servants have been murdered-meaning don’t shoot the messenger-talking about how Ross didn’t want Macduff to hate him because he was going to give him such bad news about his family-Malcolm says to use his grief to kill Macbeth and Macduff says he has to greave first before he can |
| What does Macduff mean, “O, I could play the woman with mine eyes”? | He needs to grieve, to cry. |
| synecdoche | a part represents a whole (diff from metonymy because flag is not physical part of country)ex: head represents whole body-ending the life (act 5) |
| Macduff is in pain and says Macbeth can’t know pain because he doesn’t have children | Malcolm uses this to try and convince him to kill Macbeth |
| On whom will Macduff take revenge for the deaths of his family and servants? | Macbeth |
| What has happened to Scotland during Macbeth’s time as king? | Many have died, so there are many new widows and orphans; Scotland is like a stabbed woman who “weeps, [she] bleeds, and each new day a gash / Is added to her wounds.” |
| What does the witches’ brew represent? | The conditions in Scotland |
| “Something wicked this way comes.” | Second witch, commenting on Macbeth’s arrival |
| -“.. waves / Confound and swallow navigation up;” -all of Macbeth’s speech (example of…?) | pathetic fallacy |
Macbeth, Act IV
September 2, 2019